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Vliv jarní kultivace ozimé pšenice na její výnos a zaplevelení
Novák, Radim
This bachelor thesis is focused on the impact of spring cultivation on the cover of the winter wheat, its number of straws and the weed infestation. A small field experiment was performed for an assessment. There were 10 smaller parcels of land picked out for this experiment. The first 5 parcels of land were used for the testing of different types of cultivation: rotary hoe + tine harrow, rotary hoe + meadow harrow, rotary hoe, tine harrow, meadow harrow. The other 5 parcels of land were used for the control. These factors were monitored: the number of straws, yield and the number of weed individuals. The number of straws was affected the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The number of the weed individuals per 1 m2 was reduced the most by the combination of the rotary hoe and the tine harrow. The lowest efficacy of the weed regulation was measured by the meadow harrow. Thanks to this data, the machines for the spring cultivation can be well organized and used.
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Způsoby regulace plevelů při pěstování kukuřice seté (Zea mays L.).
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Milena
Corn is an important crop that is increasingly being applied and expanded in our countries. Due to the cultivation technology, weeding can significantly affect its yield. Weed control is mainly solved by the use of herbicides. One of the main objectives of this method is to achieve maximum effect at minimal economic cost. At the same time, the factor of minimizing negative effects on the environment is increasingly taken into account. The thesis describes the basic characteristics of maize, its basic agrotechnics and the extent of its cultivation in the Czech Republic. The basic characteristics and weed distribution are described, including the possibilities of their control. The actual work deals with the effectiveness of two combinations of herbicides used postemergence on land with different maize hybrids and evaluation of their effectiveness with regard to economic aspects.
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Škodlivost plevelů polních plodin v provozních podmínkách
Slováková, Veronika
The thesis evaluated occurrence and harmfulness of weeds on the lands grown in organ-ic and conventional farming in 2014 and 2016. Two companies (AGRODELTA, s. r.o. a JASNO, spol. s r.o.) used monitored lands on a daily basis. Following crops were evaluated in organic farming: winter wheat under sowing with vetch, winter wheat and triticale under sowing with vetch, spring oat with field pea and spring oat. In terms of conventional farming, following crops were evaluated: winter rape, winter wheat, spring wheat under sowing with alfalfa, maize around sowing by winter barley, maize and al-falfa. Total number of evaluated weeds in terms of organically managed fields is 34, while in conventionally managed fields the number of evaluated weeds was 24. Follow-ing weed species in organically managed fields were selected as the most dangerous and harmful: Tripleurospermum inodorum, Sinapis arvensis, Cirsium arvense a Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia. In case of conventionally managed fields, most dangerous and harmful weed species were Tripleurospermum inodorum, Cirsium arvense, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Echinochloa crus-galli a Elytrigia repens.
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Druhové spektrum polních plevelů ve vybraných porostech cukrové řepy
Borovička, Roman
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the weed infestation of selected sugar beet stands. The monitoring of the stands was carried out in three terms, in April - before the first application of herbicides, in June - after the last application of herbicides and then at the beginning of September, when secondary weed weeds were monitored. In total, 12 weeds were identified in the stand. The most common was the Brassica napus subsp. napus - which occurred mainly in the first term - before the application of herbicides and the Chenopodium album – which occurred mainly in the second and third term, after the application of herbicides. Weed beet have been observed on all stands, its occurrence must be monitored and eliminated.
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Optimizing of weed control in carrot anf lettuce
Šuk, Jaromír ; Jursík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kolářová, Michaela (referee)
The main aim of this work was to made literary review about possibilities of weed control in carrot and lettuce. The experimental part of this work was focused on optimization of herbicides weed control in lettuce and carrot. Small plot field trials were carried in 2015.
Literary review was focused on the summarizing of information about the particular vegetables. Futhermore, the available literature about weed control in these vegetables were complied, specialy with a focus on mechanical and chemical (herbicide) control. The last section of review is dedicated to optimizing use of herbicides that are not registered in tested vegetables.
In lettuce, herbicidal efficacy was assessed on Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Mercurialis annua and Echinochloa crus-gali and selectivity of herbicides to crop. In carrot, herbicidal efficacy was assessed on Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum physalifolium, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-gali and Mercurialis annua and selectivity of herbicides to crop.
Lettuce was treated by herbicide combinations with active ingredients: befor planting or postemergence pendimethalin, postemergence propyzamide, postemergence phenmediphan, postemergence dimethenamid and postemergence pethoxamide. Carrot was treated by herbicide combinations with active ingredients: preemergence aclonifen, preemergence clomazone, preemergence dimethenamid, preemergence pendimethalin, postemergence linuron and postemergence metribuzin.
In lettuce, were on the plots, where were used pendimethalin and dimethenamid. In carrot, best weed control were on the plots, where were used aclonifen, clomazone and dimethenamid. However, after application these herbicides, highest phytotoxicity was found. The lowest selectivity to both tested vegetables showed dimethenamid.
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Analysis of weed spectrum in cereals in organic farming
Horáček, Jan ; Kolářová, Michaela (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
Summary
Organic farming means a chance for plants to reveal their abilities. We offer better conditions to the associated plants for their growth and reproduction by no use of chemical herbicides and by using alternative growing methods.
Organic agrophytocoenoses are significant by higher species richness and cover. There can be found some of endangered species among the weeds, which may be more successful in organic system, therfore the organic type of farming may serve for their protection. The most successful weed species endanger cultural crops on both organic and conventional fields. They become more dangerous without the possibility of herbicide application. Thanks to this, the strategy of each plant species is more important. That is why the question of weed suppression in organic farming is highly important and frequently asked.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse weed flora on organic cereals fields and to point out possible factors influencing them. Braun-Blanquet scale of dominance and abundance has been used for the assessment of weed communities. Several different localities were investigated in Benešov district. Influence of winter cereals, spring cereals, previous crop and the tillage system have been assessed.
Some of the most important weed species were: annual winter weed species in winter cereals, perennials and few annual spring species in spring cereals. Annual weeds were typical for spring cereals sown two years on a one plot, perennials were associated with spring cereals sown after fodder crops. -There were not found any evident differences in weed spectrum in winter cereals based on previous crop. Agrophytocoenosis on fields with conventional and reduced tillage differed. Wider spectrum of perennial species was typical for fields where reduced tillage was applied, differences in annual weed spectrum were also found. Typical species for conventional tillage were for example: marsh woundwort, common couch-grass and common poppy, while, creeping thistle, creeping buttercup, perennial sow-thistle, mugwort, corn chamomile, loose silky-bent and some others were often found on fields where reduced tillage were used.
The results of the analysis in this thesis mostly lead to the same description of weeds as in literature, but few of the results are different. Thanks to statistically decisive results, it is apparent, how a farmer can affect the plant associations over a long period.
Key words: organic farming, weeds, agrophytocoenosis, cereals, weed control, features(characteristic) of weeds.
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Plevele ekologicky a konvenčně pěstovaných plodin
Slováková, Veronika
The thesis was evaluated using numerical method occurrence of weeds in crops grown in conventional and organic farming. Viewed crops were located on land owned by companies JASNO, spol. s.r.o. and AGRODELTA, s.r.o. In organic farming were eva-luated crops: winter wheat undersowing with vetch and spring oat. In conventional farming were evaluated crops: winter wheat, winter rape and spring wheat undersowing with alfalfa. In organically managed fields was evaluated occurrence of 35 weed spe-cies, in conventionally managed fields, the number of evaluated weeds was 17. Most frequently established weed species in organically managed fields were: Tripleurospermum inodorum, Cirsium arvense and Sinapis arvensis. In conventional fields were most often evaulated species: Tripleurospermum inodorum, Poa annua and Viola arvensis.
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